Rac and Rho
نویسنده
چکیده
How were they discovered? The first Rho gene was discovered by mistake, in 1985, by a group trying to clone a homologue of the α subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin from the sea snail Aplysia. Using the Aplysia Rho sequence, three closely related mammalian genes were cloned, now called RhoA, RhoB and RhoC. Rac was first identified as a substrate for the C3 transferase that modifies Rho (although, in fact, the transferase acts on Rac only inefficiently). There are three mammalian types of Rac: Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 (sometimes called Rac1B).
منابع مشابه
Rac Downregulates Rho Activity
Using biochemical assays to determine the activation state of Rho-like GTPases, we show that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 functions as a specific activator of Rac but not Cdc42 or Rho in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Activation of Rac by Tiam1 induces an epithelial-like morphology with functional cadherin-based adhesions and inhibits migration of fibroblasts. This epithelial phenotype is ...
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Proteins of the Rho family regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements in response to receptor stimulation and are involved in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell morphology. We recently showed that Rac is able to downregulate Rho activity and that the reciprocal balance between Rac and Rho activity is a major determinant of cellular morphology and motility in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Usin...
متن کاملInterplay between Rac and Rho in the control of substrate contact dynamics
BACKGROUND Substrate anchorage and cell locomotion entail the initiation and development of different classes of contact sites, which are associated with the different compartments of the actin cytoskeleton. The Rho-family GTPases are implicated in the signalling pathways that dictate contact initiation, maturation and turnover, but their individual roles in these processes remain to be defined...
متن کاملRac inhibits thrombin-induced Rho activation: evidence of a Pak-dependent GTPase crosstalk
The strict spatio-temporal control of Rho GTPases is critical for many cellular functions, including cell motility, contractility, and growth. In this regard, the prototypical Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 regulate the activity of each other by a still poorly understood mechanism. Indeed, we found that constitutively active forms of Rac inhibit stress fiber formation and Rho stimulati...
متن کاملG12/13 and Gq mediate S1P2-induced inhibition of Rac and migration in vascular smooth muscle in a manner dependent on Rho but not Rho kinase.
AIMS The lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to induce potent inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced Rac activation and, thereby, chemotaxis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We explored the heterotrimeric G protein and the downstream mechanism that mediated S1P inhibition of Rac and cell migration...
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Three members of the Rho family, Cdc42, Rac, and Rho are known to regulate the organization of actin-based cytoskeletal structures. In Bac1.2F5 macrophages, we have shown that Rho regulates cell contraction, whereas Rac and Cdc42 regulate the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, respectively. We have now tested the roles of Cdc42, Rac, and Rho in colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)-induced ...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Current Biology
دوره 9 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1999